List of Important Articles of Indian Constitution

       List of Important Articles of Indian Constitution

• Part 1 – Art. 1 to art. 4

Article 1- Name and territory of the union.
Article 2 – Admission and Establishment of the new state.
Article 3 – Formation of new states and alteration of areas, boundaries, and the name of existing states.

• Part 2 – Art. 5 to art. 11

Article 5 – Citizenship at the commencement of the constitution.
Article 6- Rights of citizenship of a certain person who has migrated to India from Pakistan.
Article 10- continuance of rights of citizenship.
Article 11- Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law.

• Part 3 – Art.12 to art.35

Article 12- Definition of the state
Article 13 Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights.
Originally, the constitution provided for 7 basic fundamental rights, now there are only six rights, one Right to property U/A 31 was deleted from the list of fundamental rights by 44th amendment act 1978. It made a legal right U/A 300-A in Part XII of the constitution.
Some important Fundamental Rights are as.

• Right to Equality: Art. 14 to Art. 18

Article 14- Equality before the law.
Article 15- Prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex. Or place of birth.
Article 16- Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
Article 17- Abolition of the untouchability.
Article 18- Abolition of titles

• Right to Freedom: Art. 19 to art. 22

Art.19 guarantees to all the citizens the six rights

· (a) Right to freedom of speech and expression.
· (b) Right to assemble peacefully and without arms.
· (c) Right to form associations or unions.
· (d) Right to move freely throughout the territory of India.
· (e) Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India.
· (f) Right to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade, and business.

Article 20- Protection in respect of conviction for offences.

Article 21-Protection of life and personal liberty.

Article 22- Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.

• Right against Exploitation: Art.23 & art. 24

Article 23- Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.
Article 24- Prohibition of employment of children in factories and mines. Under age of 14.

• Right to Freedom of Religion: Art.25 to art. 28

Article 25- Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.
Article 26- Freedom to manage religious affairs.
Article 27- Freedom as to pay taxes for promotion of any particular religion.
Article 28- Freedom from attending religious instruction.

• Cultural and Educational Rights: Art.29 & art. 30

Article 29- Protection of interest of minorities.
Article 30- Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.
Article 32- Remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.

• Part.4 Directive Principal of states Policy: Art 36 to art. 51

Article 36- Definition
Article 37- Application of DPSP
Article 39A- Equal justice and free legal aid
Article 40- Organisation of village panchayat
Article 41- Right to work, to education, and to public assistance in certain cases
Article 43- Living Wages, etc. for Workers.
Article 43A- Participation of workers in management of industries.
Article 44- Uniform civil code.( applicable in Goa only)
Article 45- Provision for free and compulsory education for children.
Article 46- Promotion of educational and economic interest of scheduled castes, ST, and OBC.
Article 47-Duty of the state to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.
Article 48-Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry.
Article 49- Protection of monuments and places and objects of natural importance.
Article 50- Separation of judiciary from the executive.
Article 51- Promotion of international peace and security.

Fundamental Duties: Part IV-A- Art 51A
· It contains, originally 10 duties, now it contains 11 duties by 86th amendments act 2002.

• Part 5 – Union ( 52-151)

Article 52- The President of India
Article 53- Executive Power of the union.
Article 54- Election of President
Article 61- Procedure for Impeachment of the President.
Article 63- The Vice-president of India.
Article 64- The Vice-President to be ex-officio chairman the Council of States.
Article 66-Election of Vice-president.
Article 72-Pardoning powers of President.
Article 74- Council of Ministers to aid and advise President.
Article 76- Attorney-General for India.
Article 79- Constitution of Parliament
Article 80- Composition of Rajya Sabha.
Article 81- Composition of Lok Sabha.
Article 83- Duration of Houses of Parliament.
Article 93- The speakers and Deputy speakers of the house of the people.
Article 105- Powers, Privileges, etc of the House of Parliament.
Article 109- Special procedure in respect of money bills
Article 110- Definition of “Money Bills”.
Article 112- Annual Financial Budget.
Article 114-Appropriation Bills.
Article 123- Powers of the President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of parliament.
Article 124- Establishment of Supreme Court.
Article 125- Salaries of Judges.
Article 126- Appointment of acting Chief justice.
Article 127- Appointment of ad-hoc judges.
Article 128-Attendance of a retired judge at sitting of the Supreme Court.
Article 129- Supreme court to be a court of Record.
Article 130- Seat of the Supreme court.
Article 136- Special leaves for appeal to the Supreme Court.
Article 137- Review of judgement or orders by the Supreme court.
Article 141-Decision of the Supreme Court binding on all the courts.
Article 148- Comptroller and Auditor- General of India
Article 149- Duties and Powers of CAG.

• Part 6 – States ( 152-237)

Article 153- Governors of State
Article 154- Executive Powers of Governor.
Article 161- Pardoning powers of the Governor.
Article 165- Advocate-General of the State.
Article 213- Power of Governor to promulgate ordinances.
Article 214- High Courts for states.
Article 215- High Courts to be a court of record.
Article 226- Power of High Courts to issue certain writs.
Article 233- Appointment of District judges.
Article 235- Control over Sub-ordinate Courts.

• Part 7 – 238 – Repealed

• Part 8 – 239-242 – Union Territories

• Part 9 – 243-243 O – Panchayats

Article 243A- Gram Sabha
Article 243B- Constitution of Panchayats

• Part 9A – 243 P-243 ZG – Municipalities

• Part 10: Scheduled and Tribal Areas -244

• Part 11: Center- State Relations 245 – 263

• Part 12: Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits (264 – 300A)

Article 266- Consolidated Fund and Public Accounts Fund
Article 267- Contingency Fund of India
Article 280- Finance Commission
Article 300-A- Right to property.

• Part 13: Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the territories of India (301-307)

Article 301-Freedom to trade, commerce, and intercourse.
Article 302- Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce, and intercourse.

• Part 14 : Services Under Center and State (308-323)

Article 312- All- India-Service.
Article 315- Public service commissions for the union and for the states
Article 320- Functions of Public Service Commission.

• Part 14A: Tribunals (323 A – 323 B)

Article 323A- Administrative Tribunals

• Part 15 : Elections (324 – 329)

Article 324-Superintendence, direction and control of Elections to be vested in an Election Commission.
Article 325- No person to be ineligible for inclusion in or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste, or sex.
Article 326- Elections to the house of the people and to the legislative assemblies of states to be on the basis of adult suffrage.

• Part 16: Special Provisions to SC, ST, OBC, Minorities etc (330 -342)

Article 338- National Commission for the SC, & ST.
Article 340- Appointment of a commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes.

• Part 17: Official Language (343- 351)

Article 343- Official languages of the Union.
Article 345- Official languages or languages of states.
Article 348- Languages to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts.
Article 351-Directive for development of the Hindi languages.

• Part 18: Emergency (352-360)

Article 352- Proclamation of emergency ( National Emergency).
Article 356- State Emergency (President’s Rule)
Article 360- Financial Emergency

• Part 19: Miscellaneous (361-367)

Article 361- Protection of President and Governors

• Part 20: Amendment of Constitution (368)

Article 368- Powers of Parliaments to amend the constitution.

• Part 21 : Special, Transitional and Temporary Provisions (369 – 392)

Article 370 – Special provision of J&K.
Article 371A –  Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland
Article 371-J: Special Status for Hyderabad-Karnataka region

• Part 22: Short Text, Commencement, Authoritative Text in Hindi and Repeals (392 – 395)

Article 393 – Short title – This Constitution may be called the Constitution of India.